O Uso de Brain Computer Interface na Intervenção em Pessoas com Afasia Pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral: Uma Revisão Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46531/sinapse/AR/81/2025Palavras-chave:
Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações, Afasia/etiologia, Afasia/reabilitação, Interfaces Cérebro-Computador, Neurorretroalimentação, Reabilitação de Acidente Vascular CerebralResumo
Introdução: A afasia pós-acidente vascular cerebral tem um impacto significativo ao nível da qualidade de vida da pessoa com esta alteração e nos recursos exigidos no setor da saúde. Tem existido um interesse crescente em investigar novas metodologias de intervenção, como as que integram a tecnologia brain computer interface (BCI). O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que forma a utilização desta tecnologia em contexto terapêutico poderá potenciar a recuperação das competências linguísticas e comunicativas das pessoas com afasia.Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura através das diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), envolvendo pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed Central, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science e nas bases de dados integradas na plataforma EBSCO HOST, sem restrição temporal ou de língua, com o recurso a termos MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) e a termos não padronizados, em inglês. O processo de seleção dos estudos foi efetuado de forma independente por dois investigadores via plataforma Rayyan®. A análise de evidência dos estudos elegíveis em triagem foi realizada através do modelo de níveis de evidência e qualidade dos estudos John Hopkins.
Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 198 artigos, dos quais quatro foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática, após eliminação de duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. A intervenção terapêutica com base num sistema BCI poderá potenciar o reforço da rede linguística e a restruturação das redes funcionais de pessoas com afasia, devido ao mecanismo de neurofeedback que proporciona. Alguns autores encorajam o desenvolvimento de sistemas BCI com a integração de diferentes técnicas (e.g. ressonância magnética funcional em combinação com o eletroencefalograma). A investigação nesta área é recente, sendo os estudos escassos e maioritariamente de tipologia quasi-experimental. Os artigos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam uma qualidade de evidência reduzida.
Conclusão: A utilização de BCI poderá ter uma influência positiva na reabilitação da linguagem e comunicação de pessoas com afasia. Porém, a integração desta tecnologia recente na intervenção terapêutica enfrenta, ainda, vários desafios, sendo necessários estudos mais robustos que permitam a criação de protocolos específicos e diretrizes clínicas.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Ana Sofia Branquinho, Patrícia Maia, Inês Tello Rodrigues (Autor)
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