Depressão na População Pediátrica: Contexto Terapêutico Atual e Desafios à Inovação

Autores

  • Ana Rita Rodrigues Laboratório de Sociofarmácia e Saúde Pública / Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-2980
  • Filipe Palavra Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança – Neuropediatria / Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra (iCBR), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centro Académico Clínico de Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-130X
  • Victoria Bell Laboratório de Sociofarmácia e Saúde Pública / Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-9134
  • Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Tecnologias do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-6280
  • Luis Almeida Laboratório de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Experimental, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra (iCBR), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-8649
  • Francisco Veiga Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Tecnologias do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-0068

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46531/sinapse/AR/230029/2023

Palavras-chave:

Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico, Criança, Depressão/tratamento, Perturbação Depressiva/ tratamento, Perturbação Depressiva Major/ tratamento farmacológico, Vortioxetina/uso terapêutico

Resumo

A depressão major, enquanto condição clínica associada à maior taxa de incapacidade, a nível mundial, apresenta contornos muito particulares quando afeta a população pediátrica. As alterações bioquímicas e fisiopatológicas associadas à depressão são naturalmente influenciadas por aspetos socioeconómicos e de dinâmica familiar, o que contribui para uma grande heterogeneidade e variabilidade na sintomatologia expressa pelas crianças e adolescentes. A pandemia de COVID-19, na sequência da implementação das necessárias medidas de mitigação da infeção pelo vírus, veio agudizar a doença mental na população em geral, incluindo na população pediátrica, contribuindo de forma significativa para aumentar os casos de ansiedade, depressão e até de stress pós-traumático. Esta revisão pretende sistematizar os aspetos fisiopatológicos da depressão de manifestação precoce na vida, assim como o seu contexto terapêutico atual, lançando alguma luz sobre a farmacogenética e a forma como medicamentos multimodais se perfilam para poder ser usados na população pediátrica. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar, tendo sido apenas incluídos nesta revisão os artigos escritos em inglês e português publicados em revistas indexadas à Web of Science, assim como as orientações vigentes para prescrição farmacológica na depressão pediátrica. Os resultados permitiram compilar os dados atuais de eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento desta situação clínica e discutir o paradigma atual da saúde mental em pediatria.

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2024-01-27

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Rodrigues AR, Palavra F, Bell V, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Almeida L, Veiga F. Depressão na População Pediátrica: Contexto Terapêutico Atual e Desafios à Inovação. Sinapse [Internet]. 27 de Janeiro de 2024 [citado 24 de Dezembro de 2024];23(4):198-206. Disponível em: https://sinapse.pt/index.php/journal/article/view/4

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