Depressão na População Pediátrica: Contexto Terapêutico Atual e Desafios à Inovação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46531/sinapse/AR/230029/2023Palavras-chave:
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico, Criança, Depressão/tratamento, Perturbação Depressiva/ tratamento, Perturbação Depressiva Major/ tratamento farmacológico, Vortioxetina/uso terapêuticoResumo
A depressão major, enquanto condição clínica associada à maior taxa de incapacidade, a nível mundial, apresenta contornos muito particulares quando afeta a população pediátrica. As alterações bioquímicas e fisiopatológicas associadas à depressão são naturalmente influenciadas por aspetos socioeconómicos e de dinâmica familiar, o que contribui para uma grande heterogeneidade e variabilidade na sintomatologia expressa pelas crianças e adolescentes. A pandemia de COVID-19, na sequência da implementação das necessárias medidas de mitigação da infeção pelo vírus, veio agudizar a doença mental na população em geral, incluindo na população pediátrica, contribuindo de forma significativa para aumentar os casos de ansiedade, depressão e até de stress pós-traumático. Esta revisão pretende sistematizar os aspetos fisiopatológicos da depressão de manifestação precoce na vida, assim como o seu contexto terapêutico atual, lançando alguma luz sobre a farmacogenética e a forma como medicamentos multimodais se perfilam para poder ser usados na população pediátrica. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar, tendo sido apenas incluídos nesta revisão os artigos escritos em inglês e português publicados em revistas indexadas à Web of Science, assim como as orientações vigentes para prescrição farmacológica na depressão pediátrica. Os resultados permitiram compilar os dados atuais de eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento desta situação clínica e discutir o paradigma atual da saúde mental em pediatria.Downloads
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